Diabetes mellitus is a chronic medical condition that affects the way your body metabolizes glucose, the primary source of energy for your cells. This condition is characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood, either because the body is unable to produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes),
Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas, which helps regulate the levels of glucose in your blood. When you eat, your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, which is then absorbed into your bloodstream. Insulin helps move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use.
In people with diabetes, the lack of insulin or resistance to insulin results in high levels of glucose in the blood, which can cause a range of health problems if left untreated. Some of the common symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, excessive thirst, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow healing of wounds.
Diabetes can be managed through lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and maintaining a healthy weight, as well as medication and insulin therapy in some cases. 
Types of Diabetes mellitus :
There are several types of diabetes mellitus, but the most common ones are:
- Type 1 diabetes: This type of diabetes usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin.
- Type 2 diabetes: This type of diabetes is more common and usually develops in adults, although it can occur at any age.This type of diabetes can often be managed with lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating and exercise, and medications.
There are also less common types of diabetes, including:
- LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults)
- MODY (maturity onset diabetes of the young)
- Secondary diabetes, which is caused by other medical conditions or medications.
Causes of Diabetes Mellitus :
The causes of diabetes mellitus depend on the type of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is believed to be caused by an autoimmune response, in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The exact cause of this autoimmune response is not fully understood, but genetics and environmental factors may play a role.
Being overweight or obese, having a sedentary lifestyle, and consuming a diet high in refined carbohydrates and sugar are all risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes. Genetics also plays a role in determining a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes, as it can affect insulin resistance and the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin.
Gestational diabetes is caused by hormonal changes during pregnancy that can affect insulin sensitivity. Women who are overweight or obese before pregnancy, have a family history of diabetes, or have had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy are at higher risk of developing gestational diabetes.
Less common types of diabetes may be caused by genetic mutations, other medical conditions, or medications that affect insulin sensitivity or production.
In general, diabetes mellitus is a complex condition that is influenced by a variety of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. 
Conclusion :
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic medical condition that affects the way your body metabolizes glucose. It is characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood, either because the body is unable to produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes), or because the body is resistant to the insulin produced (type 2 diabetes).
If left untreated, diabetes can lead to a range of health problems, including heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve damage. However, diabetes can be managed through lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and maintaining a healthy weight, as well as medication and insulin therapy in some cases.
It is important for people with diabetes to work closely with their healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that takes into account their individual needs and lifestyle. By managing diabetes properly, individuals with the condition can live full, healthy lives and reduce their risk of developing complications.